What command allows you to operate recursively through directories to change permissions?

The command that enables you to operate recursively through directories to change permissions is "chmod -R." When the "-R" option (which stands for "recursive") is used with the "chmod" command, it applies the specified permission changes not only to the target directory but also to all of its subdirectories and files. This is particularly useful when you want to ensure consistent permissions throughout an entire directory tree.

For example, if you want to grant read and write permissions to all users for a specific directory and everything within it, you would use a command like "chmod -R 777 directory_name." This command will traverse through the directory structure, affecting every file and subdirectory.

The other commands listed serve different functions that do not specifically involve changing permissions recursively. While "chown -R" changes ownership of files and directories recursively, "sudo -R" is not associated with a specific command and does not exist. The "ls -R" command is used for listing files and directories recursively but does not modify any permissions. Thus, "chmod -R" is the correct choice for changing permissions in a recursive manner.