What networking concept involves layering specific protocols over an underlying network?

The concept of layering specific protocols over an underlying network is best described by an overlay network. An overlay network is a virtual network that is built on top of an existing physical network infrastructure. It allows different protocols to be implemented over the underlying network architecture without requiring modifications to the physical layer. This characteristic enables the creation of custom communication methods and services that can operate independently from the base network protocols.

In an overlay network, the layering is crucial because it provides flexibility and scalability. It allows for various applications, such as VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) or peer-to-peer networks, to function effectively while leveraging existing resources. The ability to abstract and encapsulate different network layers helps in diverse scenarios, such as improving security, enabling new services, and enhancing performance without changing the core physical routing mechanisms of the foundational network.

Other terms like virtual network, subnetwork, and metanetwork may involve aspects of network organization and segregation but do not specifically emphasize the layering of protocols in the manner that overlay networks do. Virtual networks usually refer to isolated segments within a physical networking framework, while subnetworks relate to dividing a larger network into smaller, manageable parts. Metanetwork, though a broader concept, does not specifically refer to the protocol layering that characterizes overlay networks