Which of the following components does AppArmor utilize to manage application security?

AppArmor utilizes configuration profiles to manage application security. These profiles define what resources an application can access and what actions it is permitted to perform on the system. Each profile is specific to an application and contains a set of rules that dictate the application's permissions, helping to contain potential security risks by restricting its capabilities.

By using these profiles, AppArmor can provide a flexible and effective security model that allows system administrators to enforce policies tailored to individual applications. This enables a straightforward way to enhance the security posture of a system by isolating applications and limiting their access to sensitive areas of the filesystem and other resources, thus reducing the potential impact of vulnerabilities or exploits.

In contrast, while kernel modules and access tokens may be involved in broader system security processes, they do not specifically pertain to the operation of AppArmor, nor are they the primary means by which AppArmor enforces its security policies. Firewalls serve different purposes by controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic, and do not manage application-level security in the way that AppArmor’s profiles do.